On the Chinese translation of “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List Cate-gories and Criteria

on translation of phatic communion and socio-cultural relationships between the characters of the novels

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria